A bully is an individual who tends to torment others, either through verbal harassment and/or physical assaults
Bullying is broken into two categories: 1) direct bullying, and 2) indirect bullying, also known as social aggression. Direct bullying is the form most common to male bullies. Social aggression or indirect bullying is most common to female bullies and young children, and is characterised by forcing the victim into social isolation.
The following is some examples of bullying techniques:
- Calling the victim names; accusing the victim of uselessness in all of his or her pursuits
- Spreading gossip and rumours about the victim
- Theft of minor belongings of the victim's
- Demoting the victim without just cause
- Making the victim do what he or she does not want to do, using threats to ensure that the victim follows orders
- Cyberbullying through the use of various information technologiesRepeated physical assault on a person, be it to his or her body or propertyBlackmail
- Getting a victim into trouble with an authority figure, or incurring disciplinary action against the victim, Making derogatory remarks about a person's family, about one's home, personal appearance, religion, race, income level, or nationality
Bullying can occur in schools, universities, families, between neighbours, and in workplaces.
Schools
In schools, bullying usually occurs in areas with minimal or no adult supervision. Common places include the , cafeteria, hallways between classes, bathrooms, and the schoolyard during break.
An extreme case of school-yard bullying is that of an year named Curtis Taylor at a high school in Iowa, USA who had been the victim of continuous bullying for three years, which included name calling, being bashed into a locker, having chocolate milk poured down his sweatshirt and vandalism of his belongings. This drove him to suicide on March 21, 1993. Some bully experts have termed this extreme reaction 'bullycide'
In the 1990s, the United States saw an epidemic of school shootings (of which the most notorious was the Columbine High Shootings) Many of the children behind these shootings claimed that they were the victims of bullies and that they resorted to violence only after the school administration repeatedly failed to intervene. In many of these cases, the victims of the shooters sued both the shooters' families and the schools.
As a result of these trends, schools in many countries strongly discourage bullying, with programs designed to teach students cooperation, as well as training peers in intervention and dispute resolution techniques, as a form of support.
Since media coverage has exposed just how widespread bullying is, juries are more likely now to sympathise with victims. In recent years, many victims have been suing bullies directly for intentional inflict of emotional distress, and including their school as a defendant under the principle of joint and several liability.
Effects of bullying on a school student include:
- High levels of truancy
- High staff turnover
- Disrespect for teachers
- High level of absence for minor ailments
- Weapon carrying by children for protection
- Legal action taken against the school or education authority or against the bully's family